{"id":8442,"date":"2023-02-02T12:06:27","date_gmt":"2023-02-02T08:36:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/what-is-the-slump-test\/"},"modified":"2023-04-08T09:55:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-08T06:25:30","slug":"what-is-the-slump-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/en\/what-is-the-slump-test\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the slump test?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\">Concrete Slump Test<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The concrete slump test is conducted to determine the workability or consistency of the concrete mixture provided in the laboratory or in the field. In other words, a concrete slump test is conducted to investigate the uniform quality during the construction of the structure. The slump should be called the simplest concrete workability test; it is low-cost and provides immediate results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In general, the numerical value of concrete slump is used to find the workability, which indicates the proportion of water to cement but various factors such as materials\u2019 properties, mix methods, usage amount, additives, and others affect concrete slump. To understand better the nature of a concrete slump test and the way it should be done, follow another article from <strong>Pars Zagros<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">What is the slump test?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Fresh concrete which is cast in the project field soon, should have special standards as a part of the building project before use. The concrete slump test measures the consistency of a concrete volume to observe how the concrete easily flows in the mold and between rebars.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">This test not only determines consistency between different classes of concrete but also detects faults existing in the mixture and enables the operator to modify it before casting the mixture in the field. By measuring the general concrete slump, you can recognize if the portion of water to cement is too large or not and if the mixture has high workability or not!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The importance of using concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The main reason to conduct concrete slump tests is to make sure about the quality and strength of similar concrete classes. The more water is added to the mixture, the weaker the concrete will become. If the project needs greater workability and more consistent concrete (as a result of a greater slump), we should increase the cement content to ensure that the concrete can still provide the desired compressive strength. This test is only one of the ways of making sure about the concrete quality.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">What is concrete workability?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Workability is a crucial property of concrete and is related to compression and strength. Desirable workability is not the same for all kinds of concrete. Therefore, we can not set a specific standard for all the work related to concrete pouring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Some definitions of workability are given below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cWorkability can be defined as the amount of beneficial internal work required to achieve full compression.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cWorkability indicates the required effort to manipulate the amount of freshly mixed concrete with minimal loss of concrete homogeneity\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u201cWorkability is a property of fresh concrete that determines the ease of its mixing, pouring, integrating, and completing.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The advantages of concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Slump test is so easy and simple: <\/strong>a non-technical person can conduct this test in the fastest time without any problem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The test can be conducted at any time:<\/strong> Investigating workability with slump test of different concrete classes for various building elements such as columns, beams, foundations, etc. is possible at any time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>This test does not need expensive equipment:<\/strong> It is not necessary to send the specimen to the laboratory. This test can be conducted in the field with only a few inexpensive tools.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The result of the slump test can be prepared very quickly:<\/strong> In the compressive strength test, it takes almost one month to get to a result but with the concrete slump test, the slump value can be measured in only a few minutes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The limitations of concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>It is not reliable for lean concrete:<\/strong> In lean concrete, a true slump can change to shear or easily collapse. Great variations can be found in a covering concrete mix specimen which can be confusing in determining the exact result.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Measurement is not exact:<\/strong> Because slum has no unique relationship with workability. Even the same slump can be recorded for different types of aggregates. Also, we should consider that slump does not measure ease of compression. This test only occurs under the weight of the concrete itself and this test does not show the behavior in different conditions like vibrating, finishing, pumping, or moving by vibration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Can not differ between the workability of hard mixes:<\/strong> Because it presents the drop to be zero. In a dry zone, there is no difference distinguishable between various mixes with different workability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">It is not suitable for concretes consisting of aggregates greater than 40 mm.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Factors effective on concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Chemical properties of materials, fineness, particle size distribution, moisture content and temperature of cement materials, size, texture, gradation, cleanliness, and moisture content of aggregates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Chemical additives (type, combination, interaction, sequence of addition and their effectiveness)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Air content of concrete<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Methods and equipment for batching, mixing, and concrete transportation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Concrete temperature<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Sampling of concrete, drop test technique, and condition of test equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The amount of free water in concrete<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Concrete mixing time during the test<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8443\" src=\"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros.jpg\" alt=\"Concrete slump test equipment\" width=\"644\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-equipments-betonparszagros.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The required equipment for conducting concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tools required to conduct slump test are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Frustum mold of slump with the height of 300 mm, bottom diameter of 200 mm, and top diameter of 100 mm<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Tamper rod with a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 600 mm (one end of it is circular)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">A metal tray with 40\u00d740 or 50\u00d750 dimensions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Measuring scale (height measurement)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Trowel\/float<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Shov<\/span>el<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8447\" src=\"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test.jpg\" alt=\"\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0628\u062a\u0646\" width=\"492\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-200x97.jpg 200w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test-400x193.jpg 400w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-test.jpg 492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Concrete slump test methodology<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Clean and oil the inner surface of the cone mold.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Put the cone mold on the flat metal tray.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Fill the cone mold with the prepared concrete mix in three of four almost equal layers with a shovel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Apply each layer evenly on the cross-section of the mold with 25 impacts of the round end of the tamping rod.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Remove the excess of concrete on the cone mold and level its surface with a trowel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Clean the mortar of water leaked between the mold and the base plate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Bring up the cone mold of concrete immediately and gradually.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Measure the slump as the difference between the height of the cone mold and the concrete drop value, to get the slump number.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Note: <\/strong>The above operation should be conducted in a place free from vibration or impact and within 2 minutes after sampling.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The results of the concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">An increase in slump means that the moisture content of aggregates has increased unexpectedly or the lack of fine aggregate (sand) has changed. Too high or too low slumps indicate inappropriate workability of concrete and alert the mixer operator to find a solution for the problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The measured slump (vertical drop) should record the drop of the specimen in mm during the test. Investigating the concrete slump shape is as described below<\/span>:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8451 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-types.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0628\u062a\u0646\" width=\"584\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-types-200x61.jpg 200w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-types-300x91.jpg 300w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-types-400x121.jpg 400w, https:\/\/betonparszagros.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/concrete-slump-types.jpg 584w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>True Slump:<\/strong> True slump is the only slump that can be measured during the test. Measuring between the top section of the cone and the top of the concrete is conducted after removing the cone. In this slump, the concrete falls from the sides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Zero Slump:<\/strong> A zero slump indicates the very low water-to-cement portion that leads to dry mixes. This type of concrete has low workability and is generally used for road construction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Collapsed Slump:<\/strong> This slump indicates that the water-to-cement portion is too high, meaning that the concrete mix was too moistened or the mix has high workability and its slump test is not suitable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Shear Slump:<\/strong> Shear slump indicates that the result is imperfect and the concrete should be tested again.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">The required precautions during the concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">To achieve a suitable result, some precautions should be considered during the test:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Before any test, the inside of the mold and the base should be moistened. It is necessary to reduce surface friction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Before lifting the mold, the area around the base of the cone should be cleaned of any accidentally poured concrete.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The mold and the base plate should be non-porous.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">This test should be conducted in a place free from vibration or impact.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The concrete specimen should be so fresh, a delay should be avoided and the test should be conducted right after the mix.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Measuring workability using concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">If a shear or collapse drop occurs, the test should be repeated. We can conclude from the only true slump and categorize the result in a range according to the slump value:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Too low workability: drop between zero to 25 mm or zero to 1 inch<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Low workability: record value of 25 to 50 mm or 1 to 2 inches<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Medium workability: drop between 50 to 100 mm or 2 to 4 inches<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">High workability: record value of 100 to 175 mm or 4 to 7 inches<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Although there are different types of categorizations for concrete, the main rule is that a low slump value indicates lower workability and a high slump value indicates high workability.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Iran\u2019s code standards for concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">According to Issue 55 of general technical specifications for building works, suitable slump for concrete elements and blocks is based on the following table:<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">International standards for concrete slump test<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Various international regulations have specific standards for concrete slump tests. These standards can specify methods and equipment for determining the consistency of fresh concrete using slump. Strict adherence to these standards during slump tests is essential for acceptance and reliability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The standards of this test are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):<\/strong> ASTM economic testing standards include ASTM C 143, ASTM C143M<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): <\/strong>AASHTO economic slump test standards include AASHTO T119, AASHTO BS1881<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>British and European standard: <\/strong>BS EN 12350-2 British and European slump test standard<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Indian standard:<\/strong> IS 1199 &#8211; 1959<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Which items should be declared in the concrete slump test report?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In workshop report, following items should be declared in concrete slump test:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Identity card of the tested specimen<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Location of the test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Date of the test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Type of slump (true, zero, collapse or shear)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Slump value (with 10 mm error)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Any deviation from the national standard of Iran No. 2-3203 of year 1387 (2007)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Temperature of the concrete specimen during test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Time of the test<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The concrete slump test presents the consistency and flow of the fresh concrete mixture. For each building project, it is important to test slump value. This topic is also effective on ultimate compressive strength of concrete and other factors such as crack rate, durability, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concrete Slump Test The concrete slump test is conducted to determine the workability or consistency of the concrete mixture provided in the laboratory or in the field. In other words, a concrete slump test is conducted to investigate the uniform quality during the construction of the structure. The slump should be called the simplest concrete [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[227,290],"tags":[525,511,510,249,512],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.3 (Yoast SEO v19.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is concrete slump test and how is it done?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Slump concrete test is done to determine the efficiency or consistency of the concrete mix prepared in the laboratory or the project site. 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